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The island of Puerto Rico is almost rectangular in shape, and is the smallest and the most eastern island of the Greater Antilles. The geography of Puerto Rico adds to the beauty and mystique of the Caribbean.
El Yunque Rainforest
El Yunque, the only rainforest in the US National Forest System, comprises of 240 different species of trees, which are actually a series of forests that are determined by their altitude. The highest peak is El Toro at 3,532 feet with only odd dwarf vegetation covering its sides. The lush foliage, sparkling leaves, shining wet rocks and shadowy paths are a result of 100 billion gallons of precipitation. The walking trails are lighted by weak beams of sunlight as the rush of spectacular waterfalls fill the air. The forest is home to el coqui, a noisy tree frog, and endangered Puerto Rican parrots. The forest is best explored on foot or on a slow drive by jeep. The El Portal Rain Forest Center features interesting exhibits, books and a souvenir shop. There is also a half-hour documentary and interactive exhibits.
Guajataca Forest
Located in the northwest near Arecibo in “karst” country, this forest trail runs for 25 miles past flora and fauna of a humid subtropical ecosystem. Karts are formed when water dissolves on limestone over thousands of years, creating sinkholes, vertical shafts and disappearing streams. This forest isn’t as crowded with hikers and you can enjoy a quiet walk along the trail. Wind Cave is a fine example of how dissolved limestone forms deposits in dramatic stalactites and stalagmites resembling needles and flowers. The best view of the forest and surrounding Guajataca Lake is from the top of the observation tower.
Guanica’s Dry Forest Reserve
Located in the southwest, this is 10,000 acres of dry land contrasting with the rest of the island’s lush green foliage. It is inhabited by more than 600 uncommon types of plants and animals as well as 48 endangered species. The United Nations Biosphere Reserve is located here as well. 12 trails encompass the forest, each varying in difficulty past the pastel color plants and wildlife. The forest is popular with hikers, bicyclists and beach combers as one of the most beautiful beaches on the island is located right next to the reserve along with the Copamarina Beach Resort.
Toro Negro Forest Reserve
The Toro Negro Forest Reserve is best explored on foot. There are five different trails that allow you to witness the landscape and wildlife; the longest trail is 2 hours long. One of the trails leads you to an observation towers where you can enjoy uninterrupted views of the island and the seas beyond. Toro Negro is also home to the highest peak in Puerto Rico, Cerro de Punta at 4,390 and the highest lake, Lago Guineo. Camping facilities are also available near the natural hot springs that appear during the year. A large freshwater pool is found at Doña Juana Recreational Area. From here you can hike to the 200-foot Doña Juana Falls. The trails in this reserve are slippery and caution is advised as this reserve is isolated from much of the country.
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